在初中英语中,除了等八大时态,主要还有三大从句,即宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句(包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。
从句是指在一个句子中充当一个成分的句子,充当什么成分就叫什么从句,如:充当宾语就叫宾语从句,充当定语成分就叫定语从句。从以上定义中我们可以得出关于从句的一个最大特点:从句是句子。
宾语从句
宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子,如:He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up.
(1)宾语从句的连接词:
宾语从句的连接词包括that、if/whether(是否)、特殊疑问词。
(2)宾语从句的语序:
A. 宾语从句的连接词后一般加陈述语序(主语在前,谓语在后),如:I want to know if he can come tomorrow.
B. 当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时,后面直接加谓语动词,如:She asked me who had helped him.
(3)宾语从句的时态:
只要记住以下口诀就可以了“主现则从任,主过则从过,客观真理一般现”
A. 主现则从任:主句如果是一般现在时,则从句根据时间状语需要从八种时态中任选一种,如:
(1)He tells me he likes English very much.
(2)She wants to know what he has done for the exam.
B. 主过则从过:主句如果是一般过去时,则从句根据时间状语需要从四种带“过”字的时态中任选一种,带“过”字的时态分别是如:一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时。如:
(1)He told me that he liked playing football.
(2)She said that she was a student.
(3)She said that she had finished her homework already.
C. 客观真理一般现:如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时,这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。如:
(1)He says the moon goes around the earth.
(2)The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
状语从句
在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句,它可以 用来修饰谓语(包括非谓语动词)、定语或状语,或是整个句子。
(1)时间状语从句:
When ---当……时候, 通常指某一特定的时间点,主句与从句的动作同时发生。
连接词:when(当……时候) while(当……时候) as(当……时候) after(在……以后) before(在……以前) as soon as(一……就) since(自从……到现在) till /until(直到……才) by the time(到……为止)依旧是连接词后大多数加陈述语序。
例如:when当……的时候(一般情况下主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时。)
Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.
(2)原因状语从句:
because, as, since, now that, 和considering that, seeing that 这六个连词都用于表示表示原因, 但在语气上一个比一个弱。
连接词:由连词because, since,as引导, 也可由for,now that 等词引导。
例如:
(1)I didn’t go to school yesterday because I was ill.
(2)Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.
(3)条件状语从句:
在一个句子中作条件状语的句子。
连接词:If如果, unless除非, as long as只要, As (so) far as --- 据……所知,in case万一, provided that假如, on condition that若是,以…为条件
例如:
(1)If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.
(2)We can’t get there on time unless we book the earliest flight.
(4)目的、结果状语从句:
目的状语从句是指在一个句子中充当目的状语的句子。结果状语从句是指在一个句子中充当结果状语的句子。
目的状语从句连接词:so that, so…that , in order that 引导。
结果状语从句连接词:so…that, such…that, so much/many…that引导。
例如:
(1)so…that 如此…以至于
The scientist’s report was so instructive that we were all very excited.
(2)So that --- 因而,以便,为了 有时so 可以省去
Speak louder please so that the people at the back can hear you.
(5)让步状语从句:
让步状语从句是指在句子中作让步的状语的句子。
连接词:Although, though, as, even if, even though, no matter, however, whatever, while, whether.
例如:
(1)Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.
(2)Busy as he is, he never misses a football match.
定语从句
定语是指在句子中用来修饰名词、代词的成分。如:I will give my teacher a bunch of beautiful flower.(中beautiful就是定语)
定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。如:I have met the doctor who is in the No.1 hospital.
(1)先行词 :
定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词(即先行词)后,例如:
先行词指人:who /that
先行词指物:which/ that
(2)关系代词 :
关系代词代替先行词在句子中担当成分,所以从句中不可再出现其他代替先行词的代词。
关系代词只能 that 的特殊情况:
1.先行词前有序数词修饰时:
This is the first gift that my parents bought me.
2.先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时:
This is the most exciting film that I have ever seen.
3. 先行词是不定代词something, anything等时:
Is there anything that you want in this shop
4. 先行词是人和物时, 用that:
He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all.
5. 先行词被all , little , the only , the very(就是,正是), the last 等词修饰时,只能用that:
This is the last place that I want to visit.
6. 特殊疑问句以who 或which 开头,只能用that引导:
Who is the girl that is making a speech on the platform?
当关系代词前使用介词时:
物+介词+which ; 人+ 介词 + whom
当关系代词前使用介词时:
(1)This is the train by which we went to Beijing.
(2)This is the teacher to whom my mother is talking.
【中招网-2024届陕西中考升学无忧群】现在面向西北五省家长限时开放(若有其他地区家长想进群了解同样欢迎,需注意本群目前不对西北五省以外地区中考做针对性活动),零条件入群,现在扫码,即能先人一步掌握初三升学信息!赶快行动起来吧!
扫码入群领取资料
初中全科重要知识点整理!全是干货!
最新最全!初中全年级数学公式汇总
素材:综合整理自网络,版权归原作者所有,文章贵在分享,如涉及侵权,请联系小编删除。
编辑:小丫
标签:初中家长
戳这里,领取【内部名师资料】!返回搜狐,查看更多
责任编辑: