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初中英语 | 三大从句总结,一篇就能搞定!

原标题:初中英语 | 三大从句总结,一篇就能搞定!

在初中英语中,除了等八大时态,主要还有三大从句,即宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句(包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。

从句是指在一个句子中充当一个成分的句子,充当什么成分就叫什么从句,如:充当宾语就叫宾语从句,充当定语成分就叫定语从句。从以上定义中我们可以得出关于从句的一个最大特点:从句是句子。

宾语从句

宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子,如:He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up.

(1)宾语从句的连接词:

宾语从句的连接词包括that、if/whether(是否)、特殊疑问词。

(2)宾语从句的语序:

A. 宾语从句的连接词后一般加陈述语序(主语在前,谓语在后),如:I want to know if he can come tomorrow.

B. 当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时,后面直接加谓语动词,如:She asked me who had helped him.

(3)宾语从句的时态:

只要记住以下口诀就可以了“主现则从任,主过则从过,客观真理一般现”

A. 主现则从任:主句如果是一般现在时,则从句根据时间状语需要从八种时态中任选一种,如:

(1)He tells me he likes English very much.

(2)She wants to know what he has done for the exam.

B. 主过则从过:主句如果是一般过去时,则从句根据时间状语需要从四种带“过”字的时态中任选一种,带“过”字的时态分别是如:一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时。如:

(1)He told me that he liked playing football.

(2)She said that she was a student.

(3)She said that she had finished her homework already.

C. 客观真理一般现:如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时,这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。如:

(1)He says the moon goes around the earth.

(2)The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.

状语从句

在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句,它可以 用来修饰谓语(包括非谓语动词)、定语或状语,或是整个句子。

(1)时间状语从句:

When ---当……时候, 通常指某一特定的时间点,主句与从句的动作同时发生。

连接词:when(当……时候) while(当……时候) as(当……时候) after(在……以后) before(在……以前) as soon as(一……就) since(自从……到现在) till /until(直到……才) by the time(到……为止)依旧是连接词后大多数加陈述语序。

例如:when当……的时候(一般情况下主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时。)

Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.

(2)原因状语从句:

because, as, since, now that, 和considering that, seeing that 这六个连词都用于表示表示原因, 但在语气上一个比一个弱。

连接词:由连词because, since,as引导, 也可由for,now that 等词引导。

例如:

(1)I didn’t go to school yesterday because I was ill.

(2)Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.

(3)条件状语从句:

在一个句子中作条件状语的句子。

连接词:If如果, unless除非, as long as只要, As (so) far as --- 据……所知,in case万一, provided that假如, on condition that若是,以…为条件

例如:

(1)If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.

(2)We can’t get there on time unless we book the earliest flight.

(4)目的、结果状语从句:

目的状语从句是指在一个句子中充当目的状语的句子。结果状语从句是指在一个句子中充当结果状语的句子。

目的状语从句连接词:so that, so…that , in order that 引导。

结果状语从句连接词:so…that, such…that, so much/many…that引导。

例如:

(1)so…that 如此…以至于

The scientist’s report was so instructive that we were all very excited.

(2)So that --- 因而,以便,为了 有时so 可以省去

Speak louder please so that the people at the back can hear you.

(5)让步状语从句:

让步状语从句是指在句子中作让步的状语的句子。

连接词:Although, though, as, even if, even though, no matter, however, whatever, while, whether.

例如:

(1)Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.

(2)Busy as he is, he never misses a football match.

定语从句

定语是指在句子中用来修饰名词、代词的成分。如:I will give my teacher a bunch of beautiful flower.(中beautiful就是定语)

定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。如:I have met the doctor who is in the No.1 hospital.

(1)先行词 :

定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词(即先行词)后,例如:

先行词指人:who /that

先行词指物:which/ that

(2)关系代词 :

关系代词代替先行词在句子中担当成分,所以从句中不可再出现其他代替先行词的代词。

关系代词只能 that 的特殊情况:

1.先行词前有序数词修饰时:

This is the first gift that my parents bought me.

2.先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时:

This is the most exciting film that I have ever seen.

3. 先行词是不定代词something, anything等时:

Is there anything that you want in this shop

4. 先行词是人和物时, 用that:

He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all.

5. 先行词被all , little , the only , the very(就是,正是), the last 等词修饰时,只能用that:

This is the last place that I want to visit.

6. 特殊疑问句以who 或which 开头,只能用that引导:

Who is the girl that is making a speech on the platform?

当关系代词前使用介词时:

物+介词+which ; 人+ 介词 + whom

当关系代词前使用介词时:

(1)This is the train by which we went to Beijing.

(2)This is the teacher to whom my mother is talking.

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