Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by
some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices
marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the
corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the
centre.
Passage One
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.
Scratchy throats, stuffy noses and body aches all spell misery, but being
able to tell if the cause is a cold orflu ( ~,~ ) may make a difference in how
long the misery lasts.
The American Lung Association (ALA) has issued new guidelines on combating
colds and the flu(流感), and one of the keys is being able to quickly tell the two
apart. That's because the prescription drugs available for the flu need to be
taken soon after the illness sets in. As for colds, the sooner aperson starts
taking over-the-counter remedy, the sooner relief will come.
The common cold and the flu are both caused by viruses. More than 200
viruses can cause cold symptoms, while the flu is caused by three viruses - flu
A, B and C. There is no cure for eitherillness, but the flu can be prevented by
the flu vaccine ( ~-~ ), which is, for most people, the bestway to fight the
flu, according to the ALA.
But if the flu does strike, quick action can help. Although the flu and
common cold have manysimilarities, there are some obvious signs to look for.
Cold symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose and scratchy throat typically
develop gradu-
ally, and adults and teens often do not get a fever. On the other hand,
fever is one of the character-
istic features of the flu for all ages. And in general, flu symptoms
including fever and chills, sore
throat and body aches come on suddenly and are more severe than cold
symptoms.
The ALA notes that it may be particularly difficult to tell when infants
and preschool age
children have the flu. It advises parents to call the doctor if their small
children have flu-like
symptoms.
Both cold and flu symptoms can be eased with over-the-counter medications
as well. However,children and teens with a cold or flu should not take aspirin
for pain relief because of the risk of Reye syndrome(综合症) ，a rare but serious
condition of the liver and central nervous system.Reye syndrome .
There is, of course, no vaccine for the common cold. But frequent hand
washing and avoiding close contact with people who have colds can reduce the
likelihood of Catching one.
11. According to the author, knowing the cause of the misery will help
A) shorten the duration of the illness
B) the patient buy medicine over the counter
C) the patient obtain cheaper prescription drugs
D) prevent people from catching colds and the flu
12. We learn from the passage that
A) one doesn't need to take any medicine if he has a cold or the flu
B) aspirin should not be included in over-the-counter medicines for the
flu
C) delayed treatment of the flu will harm the liver and central nervous
system
D) over-the-counter drugs can be taken to ease the misery caused by a cold
or the flu
13. According to the passage, to combat the flu effectively,
A) one should identify the virus which causes it
B) one should consult a doctor as soon as possible
C) one should take medicine upon catching the disease
D) one should remain alert when the disease is spreading
14. Which of the following symptoms will distinguish the flu from a
cold?
A)A stuffy nose.
B) A high temperature.
Ci A sore throat.
D) A dry cough.
15. If children have flu-like symptoms, their parents
A) are advised not to give them aspirin
B) should watch out for signs of Reye syndrome
C) are encouraged to take them to hospital for vaccination
D) should prevent them from mixing with people running a fever
Passage Two Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.
In a time of low academic achievement by children in the United States,
many Americans are turning to Japan, a country of high academic achievement and
economic success, for possible
answers. However, the answers provided by Japanese preschools are not the
ones Americans ex-
pected to find. In'most Japanese preschools, surprisingly little emphasis
is put on academic instruction. In one investigation, 300 Japanese and 210
American preschool teachers, child development specialists, and parents were
asked about various aspects of early childhood education. Only 2 percent of the
Japanese respondents (答问卷者)listed "to give children a good start'academically"
as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. In contrast,
over half the American respondents chose this as one of their top three choices.
To prepare children for success ful careers in first grade and beyond, Japanese
schools do not teach reading, writing, and math ematics, but rather skills such
as persistence, concentration, and the ability to function as a member of a
group. The vast majority of young Japanese children are taught to read at home
by their parents.
In the recent comparison of Japanese and American preschool education, 91
percent of Japa-
nese respondents chose providing children with a group experience as one of
their top three rea-
sons for a society to have preschools. Sixty-two percent of the more
individually oriented (强调个性发展的) Americans listed group experience as one of
their top three choices. An emphasis on
the importance of the group seen in Japanese early childhood education
continues into elementary
school education.
Like in America, there is diversity in Japanese early childhood education.
Some Japanese
kindergartens have specific aims, such as early musical training or
potential development. In large
cities, some kindergartens are attached to universities that have
elementary and secondary schools.
Some Japanese parents believe that if their young children attend a
university-based program, it
will increase the children's chances of eventually being admitted to
top-rated schools and universi-
ties. Several more progressive programs have introduced free play as a way
out for the heavy
intellectualizing in some Japanese kindergartens.
16. We learn from the first paragraph that many Americans believe
A) Japanese parents are more involved in preschool education than American
parents
B) Japan's economic success is a result of its scientific achievements
C) Japanese preschool education emphasizes academic instruction
D)Japan's higher education is superior to theirs
17. Most Americans surveyed believe that preschools should also attach
importance to
A) problem solving
B) group experience
believe that preschools should also attach importance to
C) parental guidance
D) individually-oriented development
18. In Japan's preschool education, the focus is on
A) preparing children academically
B) developing children's artistic interests
C) tapping children's potential
D) shaping children's character
19. Free play has been introduced in some Japanese kindergartens in order
to
A) broaden children's horizon
B) cultivate children's creativity
C) lighten children's study load
D) enrich children's knowledge
20. Why do some Japanese parents send their children to university:based
kindergartens?
A) They can do better in their future studies.
B) They can accumulate more group experience there.
C) They can be individually oriented when they grow up.
D) They can have better chances of getting a first-rate
education.
精彩生活 
