一、内外有别,以不同方法传译不同类新词就汉语新词的产生看,其源语有二:一是自他语中引入,二是自本族语中新生。显而易见,对引进的新词应取回译法,即还"舶来品"以本来面目。例如,峰会(香港译"极峰会议"):summi
t(conference);克隆:clone;冰毒:iee;摇头丸:dancing outreach;传销:m ulti-level
marketing;(计算机)2000年问题:Y2K problem(y for yea r, k for kilo or
thousand);等等。值得注意的是,汉语中某些新词看似"国产"实乃"进口" ,翻译时也需"转内销"。例如,白皮书:white
paper(不是whitecover book);国际大都市:cosmopolis(不是international
city)。其次,汉语中某些旧词新义词其实也是来自他语,译时也只能"回娘家"。例如,咖啡伴侣之"伴侣":mate;X门电话之"门":Line。
至于自本民族语中新生的词语,特别是那些具有中国特色,反映本国新事物,新概念的新词新语,则应?quot;信"和"
顺"为标准,或移译,或义译,或直译加注。移译指借用目的语中相对应或基本对应的词语传译。例如,傻瓜相机:Inst
amatic(商标名,焦距、镜头均固定,被称为foolproof相机);白条:IOU note(IOU:债款、债务,由I owe
you的读音缩略转义而来);巡回招聘:milk round(一种招聘毕业生的方式,大公司走访各大学及学院,向求职者介绍本公司情况并与报名者晤谈)。义译和直译(
加注)之所指,大家早已熟知,此各举二例,以资佐证。减员增效:increase efficiency by do wnsizing
staff;抓大放小:manage large enterprises well while ease control over small
ones;市政府要办的X件实事:x major project s that should be given top priority as
designated on th e municipal government's working agenda;两个基本点:two focal points,
two of the major points of the line set by the1 3th Congress of the CPC, i.e.
upholding the four cardin al principles and the policies of reform, opening to
th e outside world and invigorating the domestic economy.
例如,一?quot; 投资热点"(a region attractive to investors, a much
sought p iece of hand, popular in vestment spot)便不假思索地译作investme nt hot
spot甚至investment best spot。须知,hot spot指的是"(可能)发生动乱的地方"(至少这一意思是主要的),heat
spot则是医学上的"热觉点"。又如,"X门电话"中的"门"本是一条中继线(-Line),可不少人硬以door, gate,
set等词相译,以为这样才叫"对应"、"对等" 。再如,俗称大哥大的"移动电话"本系cellular(有时简作cel)或molile(tele)
phone,可现实中,译作wallk tel者有之,译作portable phone者有之,译作movable phone , moving
tel者也大有人在。