考研作文指南:“三步成文”法示范

　　因此，要用模板就必定要避免雷同，要避免雷同就必定要独创，要独创就必定要在作文中用自己的结构、句型和词汇，要达到这种运用自如的熟练程度就请看下面的“三步成文”作文法。

　　注意，此处为了详细讲解和让考生体会作文法的运用过程，所选范文字数都大大超过了考研作文要求。

　　第一步构造个性模板——避免雷同之上上策

　　考题

　　It is generally acknowledged that families are now not as close as they used to be. Give possible reasons and your recommendations.

　　审题可知，本题是论证反驳型文章。第一步，按最基本的“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”的“三段式”写作思路构思，选定下面这个基本模板进行写作。

　　模板1

　　模板中已经给出了不少高分的结构句型，就像造房时打了地基、搭了钢筋，

　　第二步，我们需要在模板横线处填入一些与内容相关的句型，即我们的论点论据。

　　第一段横线处加入families are now not as close as they used to be.引用题目中原文，但又非照抄，开篇点题。

　　第二段分析原因，拟定有三个主要原因，填入较为简单的句式：一是nowadays many children have to leave their parents at an early age to study or work elsewhere；二是compared with the past, social competition is becoming increasingly fierce. People have to concentrate their efforts upon work.；三是People prefer various kinds of recreational facilities to chatting with their family members.这就是提炼出来的三个分论点。

　　再进一步将它扩充，填入一些结果或细节扩展句：第一个论点后放as time passes, children become unfamiliar with their parents.第二个论点后放they don’t spend their spare time with their families. The importance of bonds of kinship is decrease.第三个论点后举具体例子，Their spare time is mostly taken by watching TV, surfing the internet or playing video games.第二段的内容就非常充实了。

　　第三段提出解决方案：首句填入最终目标prevent such family alienation.接着在一、二、三点对策处填入具体的句子，分别是：①family members living away from one another should often make a phone call or write a letter; ②for those living together, it is a good idea to take some spare time to spend more time with each other; ③a close family relationship can surely be maintained as long as we realize its importance and emphasize it.

　　第四段总结全文，因为模板中构造的句型意思已经很完整，只需再点出全文文眼即the alienation of family members和全文主旨prevent it，浓缩即是精华。

　　现在，文章的基本内容已经有了，就像造房时已经把砖块都填入了钢筋构架中。

　　第三步我们要运用一些高级的词汇，或衔接或句子或加强语意，使文章再上一个档次

　　这好比是往砖块之间的缝细处抹上水泥，使两两粘和，再将整个砖面附上一层粉浆，使其光滑平整。

　　在第二段的各分论点和其支撑句中加上表示因果的连接词As a result, Consequently。再回顾我们刚才填入的句子，斟酌其中的词语，不难发现，我们有更胜一筹的表达法。

　　原句1：People have to focus on their work.

　　改后：People are urged to concentrate their efforts upon work.

　　原句2：…they don’t spend their spare time with their families. The importance of bonds of kinship decreased.

　　改后：…they can’t afford to spend their spare time with their families. The importance of bonds of kinship is gradually fading from their minds.

　　原句3：People prefer various kinds of recreational facilities to chatting with their family members.

　　改后：…the availability of various kinds of recreational facilities also diverts people from enjoying chats with their family members.

　　原句4：Their spare time is mostly taken by watching TV, surfing the internet or playing video games.

　　改后：Their spare time is mostly occupied by watching TV, surfing the internet or playing video games.

　　原句5：…family members living away from one another should often make a phone call or write a letter.

　　改后：…family members living away from one another should ensure regular contact by phone or letter.

　　原句6：…for those living together, it is a good idea to take some spare time to spend more time with each other;

　　改后：…for those living together, it is a good idea to take some time off work or recreation periods to spend more time with each other.

　　原句7：…a close family relationship can surely be maintained as long as we realize its importance and emphasize it.

　　改后：…a close family relationship can surely be maintained as long as we realize the significant role it plays in our lives and attach importance to it.

　　相关阅读 考研作文经常遇到的中国特色词汇    把握过渡性词语

　　　　　　　作文评分标准    英语必胜七武器