What is the first thing that comes to mind when you think about your mouth? Eating or talking? Dentists say if you do not look after your teeth well, your ability to do both will be limited. Taking good care of your mouth and teeth will help you have pleasant breath, a nice smile and fewer holes in your teeth.
Tooth decay（蛀牙） can attack the teeth at any age. In fact, 84 percent of 17-year-olds have the disease in China. After the common cold, it has been called the world’s most widespread health problem.
Left untreated, the decay can cause severe（serious） pain and result in tooth loss. This will affect how you look and feel about yourself as well as your ability to chew and speak. Treating it is also expensive. So prevention and early treatment is important. To have healthy teeth, you should know more about how to protect your teeth.
① More about your toothbrush
Did you know that the toothbrush was invented by the Chinese in 1,000 AD? We now have lots of choices in toothbrushes, with different sizes, shapes, types of bristles（刷毛） and colors. Your dentist will tell you which toothbrush is the right size and shape for you.
② What is in toothpaste?
Toothpaste contains chemicals that make it foam（起泡沫）. Fluoride（氟化物）, the most common active ingredient（element） in toothpaste, is what prevents holes in teeth. So you should always be sure your toothpaste contains this ingredient.
If you have teeth that are sensitive to heat, cold and pressure, you could try special toothpaste for sensitive teeth.
③ Tips on proper brushing
Dentists say that you should clean your teeth twice a day. Brush gently because brushing hard will hurt gums and make teeth sensitive.
④ Nutrition（营养） connection
Eating sugar is a major cause of tooth decay. When and how often you eat sugar may be more important than how much you eat. When you eat sugary foods or drink sodas throughout the day, the enamel（牙釉质） that protects your teeth is constantly exposed to acids. Sugary foods in your meal do not cause much damage because saliva（唾液） helps to wash the acid and bacteria (细菌) away. Sugary foods eaten before you go to bed can be very damaging (especially if you don’t brush your teeth afterward) because you do not produce as much saliva when you sleep.
⑤ Going to the dentist
It’s necessary for you to go to the dentist every six months. This is important for preventing tooth problems.
1. Tooth problems will bring you the following troubles EXCEPT ______.
A. ugly looks B. expensive treatment
C. less saliva D. bad digestion
2. ______ is always useful to protect teeth.
A. Fluoride
B. Bleaching agents
C. Proper shapes of toothbrushes
D. Proper colors of toothbrushes
3. Why can sugary foods eaten before we go to bed be very damaging?
A. Because bacteria is active at night.
B. Because the enamel is weak at that moment.
C. Because we have too much before going to bed.
D. Because we do not produce as much saliva when we sleep.
4. The passage mainly tells us ______.
A. what’s the first thing in our mind
B. the relation between tooth troubles and living habits
C. how to keep teeth healthy
D. some common knowledge about tooth troubles
B
PRINT PRODUCTION MANAGER WANTED
A well-known printing company, now well established in the UK and in the Far East, wishes to set up a manufacturing base in Europe. An experienced manager, responsible to the Production Director, is required to assist in setting up the department and will then be in charge of the day-to-day work.
The successful applicant will have had experience of modern methods and machines especially in the printing, multicolour work and finishing processes, and he/she will have had at least three years’ experience in cost-effective management. A good working knowledge of English is necessary.
We offer excellent pay and prospects, with 4 weeks’ holiday a year plus public holidays, a company car and a company pension scheme (养老金制度).
Interviews will be arranged in the nearest city to the applicant’s home. Write, with CV, to the Personnel Manager, Box 32507, Daily News, Kemsworth Street, Comston.
United Kingdom SG186 37AH.
ASSISTANT PRINT PRODUCTION MANAGER WANTED
An internationally recognized printing company is seeking to set up a manufacturing plant in Europe.
We are appointing an assistant (male or female) to our Print Production Manager.
The job-holder will carry out duties involving the buying of paper and of finishing equipment, will liaise with the supervisors of the various production lines, and will assist the Production Manager.
At least three years’ experience on one or more lines as well as supervisory experience is needed.
A working knowledge of English is required to communicate with colleagues in the UK.
We offer excellent pay, prospects, holidays, pension scheme, sick pay, etc.
Write to the Manager, Box 3526.
Broad Street, Northby, Millshire BK 57PX.
5. Both the printing companies ______.
A. are well-known all over the world
B. require at least three years’ experience
C. offer excellent pay and sick pay
D. prefer to hire a man manager
6. According to the first advertisement, the applicant living in a small
village will ______
A. get in touch with the Personal Manager by telephone
B. get the result on TV
C. be interviewed in a city
D. write to Box 3526 to get more information
7. The successful assistant production manager will ______.
A. go to work in his own car
B. only have a 28-day holiday every year
C. use English to communicate with others
D. help buy paper and finishing equipment
8. What does the underlined word “liaise” probably mean?
A. Act as a link. B. Watch closely.
C. Get on well. D. Catch up.
9. We can infer from the two advertisements that ______.
A. the companies want to do business in Europe and Far East
B. cars are necessary for the successful applicants
C. the companies haven’t got telephones to save money
D. applicants should write to the companies first
C
The famous director of a big and expensive movie planned to film a beautiful sunset over the ocean, so that the audience could see his hero and heroine in front of it at the end of the film as they said goodbye to each other forever. He sent his camera crew out one evening to film the sunset for him. The next morning he said to the men, “Have you provided me with that sunset?”
“No, sir,” the men answered.
“Well, sir,” one of the men answered. “We’re on the east coast here, and the sun sets in the west. We can get you a sunrise over the sea, if necessary, but not a sunset.” “Go to the airport, take the next flight to the west coast, and get one,” said the director.
But then a young secretary had an idea. “Why don’t you photograph a sunrise?” she suggested. “And then play it backwards. Then it’ll look like a sunset.”
“That’s a very good idea!” the director said. Then he turned to the camera crew and said, “Tomorrow morning I want you to get me a beautiful sunrise over the sea.”
The camera crew went early the next morning and filmed a bright sunrise over the beach in the middle of a beautiful bay. Then at nine o’clock they took it to the director. “Here it is, sir,” they said, and gave it to him. He was very pleased.
They all went into the studio. “All right,” the director explained, “now our hero and heroine are going to say goodbye. Run the film backwards so that we can see the ‘sunset’ behind them.”
The “sunset” began, but after a quarter of a minute, the director suddenly put his face in his hands and shouted to the camera crew to stop.
The birds in the film were flying backwards, and the waves on the sea were going away from the beach.
10. Why did the director want to send his crew to the west coast?
A. Because he changed his mind about getting a sunset.
B. Because he was angry with his crew.
C. Because it was his secretary’s suggestion.
D. Because he wanted to get a scene of sunset.
11. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. The director followed the secretary’s advice.
B. If you want to shoot a sunrise, the east coast is the place to go to.
C. The camera crew wasn’t able to film the scene the first day.
D. The director ordered his crew to stop filming the scene the first day.
12. The director wanted to film a sunset over the ocean because ______.
A. it went well with the separation of the hero and the hero-ine
B. when they arrived at the beach it was already in the evening
C. it was more moving than a sunrise
D. the ocean looked more beautiful at sunset
D
Researchers will today launch the world’s most demanding architectural(建筑的) challenge: to design a hotel and workshop on an Antarctic ice shelf.
The five researchers of the new Halley Bay research station — always home to at least 16 people, and 50 in summer — tended to sink at the rate of at least a metre a year as the ice melted beneath them and snow built up around them.
Temperatures drop as low as 55°C, so building will be possible outdoors only in January and February. When they average 5°C, there will be no building suppliers for 3,000 miles.
“It isn’t just a small group of scientists; you are running a miniature(微型的) city,” said Chris Rapley, the director of the British Antarctic Survey, which will commission(委托) the 19meter project. “You have your power supply, you’ve got your waste disposal(处理), you’ve got your general maintenance(维护) and your communication.”
“It’s an airport, because our aircraft call in there; it’s a seaport — when the ship comes in, you have to unload materials and put the waste back on. It’s a very complex operation.”
British scientists have worked on the sea ice at Halley Bay for almost 50 years. It was there that the “hole” in the ozone layer(臭氧层) was first found in 1985.
The design competition for the new base will be showed at the Royal Institute of British Architects in London today.
13． The new “City on ice” is a very complex operation because ______.
A. there is an airport that the aircraft can call in there
B. there is a seaport that when the ship comes in materials can be
unloaded and the waste can be put back on
C. there isn’t power supply, waste disposal, general maintenance and
communication
D. it is a very small copy of a city
14． Which statement is NOT true?
A. Building will be possible outdoors only in January and February.
B. There will be lots of building suppliers for 3,000 miles.
C. The “City on ice” will be showed in London.
D. British scientists have worked on the sea ice for almost half a century.
15. Halley Bay research station is very famous because it is there that ______.
A. British scientists have worked since 1985
B. the temperatures drop as low as -55°C
C. the “hole” in the ozone layer was first spotted
D. the average temperature is -5°C
E
Colleges and universities have a lot in common. They prepare young adults for work. They provide a greater understanding of the world and its past. And they help students learn to value arts and sciences.
Students who attend either a college or a university traditionally take four years to complete a program of study. Those who are successful receive a bachelor’s degree (学士学位). But one difference is that many colleges do not offer additional study programs or support research projects.
Universities are often much larger than colleges. Universities carry out a lot of research. They offer more programs in different areas of study, for undergraduate（本科生） and graduate（研究生） students.
Modern universities developed from those of the Middle Ages in Europe. The word “university” came from the Latin “universitas”. This described a group of people organized for a common purpose.
“College” came from a Latin word with a similar meaning, “collegium”. In England, colleges were formed to provide students with places to live. Usually each group was studying the same thing. So the word “college” came to mean one area of study.
Today, most American colleges offer an area of study called liberal arts（文科）. The liberal arts are subjects first developed and taught in ancient Greece. They trained a person’s mind. They were seen as different from subjects that were considered more useful in everyday life.
Another meaning of “college” is a part of a university. The first American universities divided their studies into many areas and called each one a college. This is still true.
Programs in higher learning may also be called “schools”. For example, the University of Texas at Austin has fourteen colleges and schools. These include the colleges of pharmacy（药学）, education, engineering and fine arts. They also include the schools of architecture, business, law and information.
16. The best title for this passage might be ______.
A. College and University
B. Similarities of College and University
C. Differences between College and University
D. American Universities
17. Colleges and universities have the following in common EXCEPT ______.
A. preparing students for work
B. taking four years to complete one’s study program
C. offering study programs and research projects
D. coming from Latin words with similar meanings
18. Which of the following subjects does NOT belong to liberal arts?
A. Language. B. Computer science.
C. History. D. Literature.
19. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Universities offer additional programs and support research programs.
B. A university is made up of many different colleges and schools.
C. Whoever spends four years in universities or colleges can get a
bachelor’s degree.
D. Universities and colleges can help students better understand the
world and its past.
20. What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?
A. Introducing the University of Texas.
B. Giving some examples of universities.
C. Explaining the differences between college and school.
D. Explaining the meaning of “program”.
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