Part A
Direct ions :
Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (5 points)

1. The research scientists often meet with problems ________ new types of instrument for their
solution.
A. requiring B. required C. to require D. being required
2. Some speculators were _______ cash and so they sold their shares at any price.
A. badly needed B. in badly need of
C. badly needy D. badly in need of
3. Stamp collection has long been recognized as having an educational value. There is every
reason to encourage young people to take an interest in them, thereby ______ to their
knowledge of geography and history.
A. to add B. adding C. added D. adds
4. Some women _______ a good salary instead of staying at home, but they decided not to work
for the sake of the family.
A. must make B. should have made
C. would make D. could have made
5. _______ all the possible disasters mentioned, the one promoting most discussions was a major release of radioactivity from a nuclear power station.
A. Among B. Of C. For D. About
6. Having spent two days on one subject and ______ two days on the other subject, I am now
ready for the exam.
A. other B. next C. those D. another
7. I wish that he hadn’t had such a bad cold because I am sure that he _______ the performance.
A. would enjoy B. must have enjoyed
C. would have enjoyed D. will enjoy
8. The environmental group hopes _______ the forest to its original condition by the end of the
decade.
A. having restored B. to have restored
C. to be restored D. to have been restored
9. Ships traveling in the North Atlantic during the winter must be constantly watchful to avoid
icebergs, large masses of ice _______ only one-ninth is visible above water.
A. so that B. in that C. which D. of which
10. The old always assume that they know best for the simple reason _______ they have been
around a bit longer.
A. why B. that C. since D. after

Part B
Directions :
Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one thai best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. ( 10 points)

11. I have no doubt that if the students’ interest in the subject is aroused, they will face up to the
challenge and ________ more of their time and energy to their studies.
A. donate B. commit C. grant D. render
12. From diary _______ and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep
scientists have deduced that the average person used to sleep about 9 hours a night.
A. narratives B. entries C. accounts D. description
13. However weak your memory may be, you can _______ by attending closely to what you want to remember, and repeating it over and over again.
A. back it up B. make up for it
C. turn it for help D. bear it in mind
14. Scientific discoveries and inventions do not always influence the language _______ their
importance.
A. in case of B. in support of
C. in proportion to D. in view of
15. Of all the senses that help a small baby to distinguish his mother ------ the sound of her voice,
his sense of smell, his sight, the _______ way she handles him, sight is predominant.
A. distinctive B. intensive C. intuitive D. gracious
16. The normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours’ sleep ______ with some 16-17 hours’ wakefulness. Broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness.
A. rotating B. alternating C. varying D. following
17. Formal schooling and foreign language extra-curricular activities _______ each other so that
they are both very important.
A. complement B. compliment C. interact D. interchange
18. During the big fire in the school, Manfred _______ into groups and asked each group to carry buckets of water to throw on to the flame.
A. dispersed B. organized C. scattered D. ordered
19. Your friendship will soon ______ because your friends will recognize insincerity.
A. back out B. break up
C. fall through D. die out
20. With 51 institutions of higher learning and more than 1 000 research institutes, Shanghai has a good basis for launching technology- _______ enterprises.
A. intense B. progressive C. advanced D. intensive
21. Nowadays, a kind of _______ grain that is twice as expensive as regular grain is becoming
popular in China.
A. purified B. clarified C. whitened D. refined
22. Mary acquired a certain _______ mode of behavior at her expensive school in Switzerland, but her character still remains unreliable.
A. intelligent B. polished C. well-bred D. well-behaved
23. The unpleasant memory of the despairing shriek of the princess at the trial ______ in my mind for days.
A. prolonged B. insisted C. rested D. lingered
24. The family were watching TV in the sitting room as the football match was ______ live from
Shanghai Stadium.
A. broadcast B. transferred C. transmitted D. communicated
25. At the football match, the _______ were thoroughly aroused by the flexibility of the players.
A. spectators B. audiences C. crowds D. bystanders
26. As could be expected, the jury gave a unanimous _______ of “Not Guilty”.
A. judgement B. assertion C. resolution D. verdict
27. The young man first ________ his eyes round the arena to see whether the princess was
present.
A. turned B. tossed C. threw D. cast
28. There was a great deal of ______ about the decision of that semi-barbaric king’s daughter.
A. prediction B. contemplation C. speculation D. hesitation
29. Winston Churchill thought that the politician or the professional or businessman should take
up golf or _______ some hobbies to provide themselves with some relaxation.
A. fall into B. cultivate C. slip into D. alter
30. Of the various purposes money serves, some essentially depend upon the ______ that its value is really constant over a period of time.
A. assumption B. resumption C. confirmation D. liability

Section II Cloze
Directions:
For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A],[B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)

Here I want to try to give you an answer to the question: What personal qualities are ___31___ in a teacher?
Probably no two people would ___32___ exactly similar lists, but I think the following would be generally ___33___ .
First, the teacher’s personality should be pleasantly ___34___ and attractive. This does not rule out people who are physically ___35___, or even ugly, because many such have great personal ___36___ . But it does rule out such types as the ___37___, melancholy, frigid, sarcastic, frustrated, and over bearing: I would say too, that it ___38___ all of dull or purely negative personality.
Secondly, it is not merely desirable ___39___ essential for a teacher to have a genuine ___40___ for sympathy-----a capacity to tune ___41___ to the minds and feelings of other people, especially, to the minds and feelings of children. ___42___ related with this is the capacity to be ___43___----not, indeed, of what is wrong, but of the frailty (意志薄弱) and immaturity of human nature which ___44___ people, and again especially children, to make mistakes.
Thirdly, I ___45___ it essential for a teacher to be both intellectually and morally honest. This does not mean being a saint. It means that he will be aware of his intellectual strength, and ___46___, and will have thought about and decided upon the moral principles by which his life shall be ___47___. There is no contradiction in my going on to say that a teacher should be a ___48___ of an actor. That is part of the technique of teaching, which demands that every now and then a teacher should be able to ___49___ an act---- to enliven a lesson, correct a fault, or ___50___ praise. Children, especially young children, live in a world that is rather larger than life.

31. A. substantial B. adorable C. desirable D. valuable
32. A. draw up B. put down C. make out D. hand in
33. A. agreed B. approved C. recognized D. accepted
34. A. live B. living C. lifelike D. alive
35. A. strong B. plain C. simple D. sound
36. A. appreciation B. enjoyment C. charm D. identity
37. A. over-exciting B. over-excitable C. over-irritable D. over-sensitive
38. A. includes B. erase C. involves D. excludes
39. A. yet B. nevertheless C. but D. or
40. A. capacity B. strength C. power D. ability
41. A. out B. about C. in D. up
42. A. Significantly B. Closely C. Consequently D. Particularly
43. A. tolerable B. patient C. popular D. tolerant
44. A. help B. induce C. arouse D. agitate
45. A. regard B. estimate C. hold D. perceive
46. A. shortcomings B. limitations C. defects D. drawbacks
47. A. presided B. managed C. oriented D. guided
48. A. bit B. little C. lot D. couple
49. A. put across B. put on C. put up D. put in for
50. A. allot B. assign C. award D. reward

Section III Reading Comprehension

Directions:
Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.

Passage 1

Every school child is taught that Robert Fulton was the first American to build and operate a steamboat on New York waters. When his Clermont sailed four miles per hour upstream on the Hudson River in 1807, Fulton opened up new possibilities in transportation, marketing, and city building. What is not often taught about Fulton is that he had a monopoly enforced by the state. The New York legislature gave Fulton the privilege of carrying all steamboat traffic in New York for thirty years. It was this monopoly that Thomas Gibbons, a New Jersey steamboat man, tried to crack when he hired young Cornelius Vanderbilt in 1817 to run steamboats in New York by charging less than the monopoly rates.
Vanderbilt was a classic market entrepreneur, and he was intrigued by the challenge of breaking the Fulton monopoly. He became a popular figure on the Atlantic as he lowered the fares and eluded the law. Finally, in 1824, in the landmark case of Gibbons vs. Ogden, the Supreme Court struck down the Fulton monopoly. Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that only the federal government, not the states, could regulate interstate commerce. This extremely popular decision opened the waters of America to complete competition.
The triumph of market entrepreneurs in steamboating led to improvements in technology. As one man observed, “The boat builders, freed from the domination of the Fulton-Livingston interests, were quick to develop new ideas that before had no encouragement from capital.” These new ideas included tubular boilers to replace the heavy and expensive copper boilers Fulton used. Cordwood for fuel was also a major cost for Fulton, but innovators soon found that anthracite coal worked well under the new tubular boilers, so “the expense of fuel was down one-half.”
The real value of removing the Fulton monopoly was that the costs of steamboating dropped. Passenger traffic, for example, from New York City to Albany immediately dropped from seven to three dollars after Gibbons vs. Ogden. Fulton's group couldn't meet the new rates and soon went bankrupt. Gibbons and Vanderbilt, meanwhile, adopted the new technology, cut their costs, and earned $40,000 profit each year during the late 1820s.
With such an open environment for market entrepreneurs, Vanderbilt decided to quit his pleasant association with Gibbons, buy the two steamboats, and go into business for himself. During the 1830s, Vanderbilt would establish trade routes all over the Northeast. He offered fast and reliable service at low rates. He first tried the New York to Philadelphia route and forced the “standard” three-dollar fare down to one dollar. On the New Brunswick to New York City run, Vanderbilt charged six cents a trip and provided free meals. As Niles' Register said, the “times must be hard indeed when a traveller who wishes to save money cannot afford to walk.”

51. According to the passage, Vanderbilt was a “market entrepreneur” (Para. 2) because he
________.
[A] broke the Fulton monopoly
[B] ran a successful steamship company
[C] operated the cheapest steamship line on the Hudson
[D] believed in the free market as opposed to a state enforced monopoly.
52. The Supreme Court's decision in Gibbons vs. Ogden had all of the following effects EXCEPT _______.
[A] it struck down the Fulton monopoly
[B] it led to cheaper fares
[C] it enabled Fulton to expand
[D] it opened America's waterways to competition.
53. It can be inferred that Fulton's business faltered while Gibbons's and Vanderbilt's business flourished because ______.
[A] Fulton didn't adopt the new technology
[B] Gibbons and Vanderbilt took over Fulton's state enforced monopoly
[C] Fulton was less popular than Vanderbilt
[D] steamship travel on the Hudson, Fulton's primary route, decreased.
54. The author's tone towards Vanderbilt is one of _______.
[A] admiration [B] glorification [C] understanding [D] indifference

Passage 2

Governments of developing countries occasionally enter into economic development agreements with foreign investors who provide capital and technological expertise that may not be readily available in such countries. Besides the normal economic risk that accompanies such enterprises, investors face the additional risk that the host government may attempt, on its own side, to change in its favor the terms of the agreement or even to terminate the agreement altogether and appropriate the project for itself .In order to make economic development agreements more attractive to investors, some developing countries have attempted to strengthen the security of such agreements, specifying that the agreements will be governed by "general principles of law recognized by civilized nations" — a set of legal principles or rules shared by the world's major legal systems. However, advocates of governments’ freedom to modify or terminate such agreements argue that these agreements fall within a special class of contracts known as administrative contracts, a concept that originated in French law. They assert that under the theory of administrative contracts, a government enjoys inherent power to modify or terminate its own contract, and that this power indeed constitutes a general principle of law. However, their argument is wrong on at least two grounds.
First, in French law not all government contracts are treated as administrative contracts. Some contracts are classed as administrative by specific legislation, in which case the contractor is made aware of the applicable legal rules upon entering into agreement with the government. Alternatively, the contracting government agency can itself make a contract as an administrative one by including certain terms not found in private civil contracts. Moreover, even in the case of administrative contracts, French law requires that in the event that the government modifies the terms of the contract on its own side, it must compensate the contractor for any increased burden resulting from the government's action. In effect, the government is thus prevented from modifying those contractual terms that define the financial balance of the contract.
Second, the French law of administrative contracts, although adopted by several countries, is not so universally accepted that it can be embraced as a general principle of law. In both the United States and the United Kingdom, government contracts are governed by the ordinary law of contracts, with the result that the government can reserve the power to modify or terminate a contract on its own side only by writing such power into the contract.

55. In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with _______.
[A] pointing out flaws in an argument provided in support of a position
[B] providing evidence in support of a new explanation of a phenomenon
[C] analyzing the risks inherent in adopting a certain course of action
[D] advocating a new approach to a problem that has not been solved by traditional means
56. Which of the following statements would the author most probably agree with regarding the "general principles of law"?
[A] They fail to take into account the special needs and interests of developing countries.
[B] They make foreign investors hesitate to enter into any contract with developing countries.
[C] They make unacceptable the terms of the laws of the U.S. and those of the U.K.
[D] They do not guarantee a government the right to modify an agreement with foreign investors.
57. Under the "ordinary law of contracts", a government has the right to modify the terms of a contract on its own side when ______.
[A] it undertakes a greater economic risk than the foreign investor
[B] the costs exceeds the original estimates as made in the contract
[C] the modification of the contract did not result in any increased financial burden for the investor
[D] the contract contains terms allowing the government to modify the contract.
58. Which of the following best states the author's main conclusion in the passage?
[A] Developing countries should guarantee the legal security of international agreements
[B] French law regarding contracts is significantly different from that in the U.S. and the U.K.
[C] Contracts between governments and private investors in most nations are governed by ordinary contract law.
[D] The power of a government to modify a contract cannot be considered a general principle of law.

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